Participle clauses

Having promised this long ago, I now provide some further example.

Stand-alone participle clases (present '-ing' and past '-ed') - [brief notes & exercises]

Other than in this absolute, stand-alone construction (not having the -ed or -ing clause introduced by a conjunction), we can also find participle clauses following after, before, when, while, since...

-ing and -ed clauses with and without conjunctions 

Generally speaking, participle clauses are more formal, more likely to appear in writing. These are also called non-finite verb forms (non-finite porque en realidad no están conjugadas --a diferencia de los tiempos normales, finite forms-- y por lo tanto no tienen marca de tiempo, aunque sí pueden llevar a veces su propio sujeto).

Practice on non-finite clauses - transformation exercises


Anyways, remember grammar explanations are for fun... and grammar drilling for learning :)

Update: I link here a famous poem with a couple of examples.

Happy drilling!